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IDIOMS · HSK 6

HSK 6 Chinese Idioms (Chengyu)

HSK 6 chengyu — the literary-register four-character idioms that show up in formal writing, news, and academic texts. Each with origin, literal meaning, and usage.

ài爱lovebù不notshì释releaseshǒu手hand

To love something so much that one is unwilling to let it go; to be very fond of.

bá拔pullmiáo苗seedlingzhù助helpzhǎng长grow

Pulling seedlings to help them grow — ruining things by trying to rush.

bái白whitetóu头headxié偕togetherlǎo老old

Grow old together — until your heads are both white with age.

bǎi百hundredzhé折bendbù不notnáo挠yield

Unbent by a hundred setbacks — undaunted by repeated failure.

bàn半halfjīn斤cattybā八eightliǎng两tael

Six of one, half a dozen of the other; much the same.

bān班Banmén门gatenòng弄wieldfǔ斧axe

Showing off with an axe at Lu Ban's gate — flaunting your skill in front of the true master.

bàn半halftú途wayér而andfèi废abandon

To give up halfway; to leave something unfinished.

bǎo饱fulljīng经experiencecāng沧bluesāng桑mulberry

To have experienced the vicissitudes of life; to have gone through many changes.

bēi杯cupgōng弓bowshé蛇snakeyǐng影shadow

A bow reflected in a cup, mistaken for a snake — imagining a threat that isn't there.

bēi杯cupshuǐ水waterchē车cartloadxīn薪firewood

A drop in the bucket; an utterly inadequate remedy.

bīng兵soldierbú不notyàn厌tire ofzhà诈deception

In war, deception is never wrong — all is fair in tactics.

bó博broaddà大bigjīng精refinedshēn深profound

Broad and profound; vast and deep.

bó博broadxué学learningduō多manycái才talents

Broadly learned and multi-talented.

bù不notchǐ耻ashamedxià下belowwèn问ask

Not too proud to ask people of lower rank for help.

bù不notkě可cansī思thinkyì议imagine

Inconceivable; unimaginable; incredible.

bù不notxiāng相each othershàng上abovexià下below

About the same; equally matched; neck and neck.

bú不notxiè屑disdainyí一onegù顾look

To not think something worth looking at; to disdain.

bù不notyán言speakér而andyù喻understand

It goes without saying; self-evident; obvious.

bù不notyí遗leaveyú余remaininglì力strength

To spare no effort; to do one's utmost.

bù不notzé择chooseshǒu手handduàn段method

To use any means to achieve one's goal; unscrupulous.

bù不notzú足enoughwéi为to beqí奇strange

Not at all surprising; nothing to be surprised about.

cāng沧bluehǎi海seasāng桑mulberrytián田field

Where blue seas were, now mulberry fields — vast change over time.

cǎo草strawchuán船boatjiè借borrowjiàn箭arrows

Borrowing arrows with straw boats — using the enemy's resources against them through cunning.

céng层layerchū出emergebù不notqióng穷exhaust

To emerge in an endless stream; to keep appearing one after another.

chèn称suitxīn心heartrú如asyì意wish

Perfectly satisfactory; everything one could wish.

chū出exitkǒu口mouthchéng成becomezhāng章essay

Words leave the mouth as finished essays — eloquent on the spot.

chū出exitlèi类categorybá拔rise abovecuì萃peak

Stand out from the crowd — exceptional among peers.

chuān川riverliú流flowbù不notxī息stop

To flow in an endless stream; a constant flow.

dǎ打hitcǎo草grassjīng惊startleshé蛇snake

To alert the enemy by a rash act; to beat the grass and startle the snake.

dà大greatqì器vesselwǎn晚latechéng成complete

Great vessels are slow to complete — major talents take time to ripen.

dāng当shouldwù务affairzhī之ofjí急urgent

The most pressing matter of the moment; the top priority.

dé得gainbù不notcháng偿compensateshī失loss

The gain does not make up for the loss; more trouble than it's worth.

dé得gaincùn寸inchjìn进advancechǐ尺foot

Give him an inch and he'll take a mile; never satisfied.

dé得obtainguò过passqiě且temporarilyguò过pass

To muddle along; to drift along; taking each day as it comes.

dé得receivetiān天heavendú独uniquehòu厚generous

Uniquely blessed by nature; endowed with exceptional advantages.

diū丢losesān三threelà落dropsì四four

Forgetful; scatterbrained; always forgetting things.

dōng东eastzhāng张lookxī西westwàng望look

To look around; to glance this way and that.

ěr耳earrú濡moistenmù目eyerǎn染dye

To be influenced by what one frequently hears and sees; to be influenced unconsciously.

fáng防preventhuàn患troublewèi未not yetrán然happen

Prevent trouble before it happens — head problems off in advance.

fèi废abandonqǐn寝sleepwàng忘forgetshí食food

To forget to eat and sleep; to be completely engrossed in one's work.

fēi飞flyingqín禽birdszǒu走walkingshòu兽beasts

Birds and beasts; all kinds of animals.

fèn奋exertbù不notgù顾considershēn身body

To dash on bravely; to disregard one's safety; to act heroically.

fēng风windtǔ土soilrén人peopleqíng情feeling

local conditions and customs

fū敷perfunctoryyǎn衍elaborateliǎo了finishshì事matter

To do something carelessly or perfunctorily; to skimp on the job.

gǎi改changetóu头headhuàn换exchangemiàn面face

To undergo a complete transformation; to change one's appearance or behavior completely.

gān肝liverdǎn胆gallxiāng相mutuallyzhào照shine

Liver and gall shining at each other — bound by total trust and honesty.

gè各eachshū抒expressjǐ己selfjiàn见opinion

Everyone airs their own views; each expresses their opinion.

gēn根rootshēn深deepdì蒂stemgù固firm

Deep-rooted; firmly established; ingrained.

gōng供supplybù不notyìng应meetqiú求demand

Supply falls short of demand; demand exceeds supply.

gōng功achievementchéng成completemíng名namejiù就established

Achievement made, name established — success and recognition both arrived.

gǔ古ancientsè色colorgǔ古ancientxiāng香fragrance

Of antique style and flavor; quaint and antique.

guāng光lightyīn阴shadowsì似likejiàn箭arrow

Time passes like an arrow — fast and irreversible.

guī归returngēn根rootdào到todǐ底bottom

In the final analysis; ultimately; in the last analysis.

hǎi海seadǐ底bottomlāo捞scoopzhēn针needle

To look for a needle in a haystack; to search for something that is nearly impossible to find.

hǎi海seakuò阔widetiān天skykōng空empty

As wide as the sea and sky; boundless; fig. to talk at random; to let one's imagination run wild.

hán邯Handān郸Danxué学learnbù步walk

Learning to walk in Handan — imitating clumsily and forgetting what you already knew.

hán含holdxīn辛bitterrú茹eatkǔ苦suffering

Hold the bitter and swallow the suffering — endure hardship (especially for one's children).

hòu后behindgù顾lookzhī之ofyōu忧worry

Fears of trouble in the rear; worries about what might happen in the future.

hǔ虎tigertóu头headshé蛇snakewěi尾tail

Tiger's head, snake's tail — strong start, anticlimactic finish.

huà画drawbǐng饼flatbreadchōng充satisfyjī饥hunger

Drawing a flatbread to satisfy hunger — empty consolation that doesn't actually fix the problem.

huā花floweryyán言wordsqiǎo巧cleveryǔ语language

Sweet words and clever phrases; honeyed words; deceptive language.

huàn患troublenàn难difficultyzhī之ofjiāo交friend

Friends made in hard times — friends who stood by you in adversity.

huǎng恍dimlyrán然thusdà大greatlywù悟understand

To suddenly realize; to wake up to the truth.

jí急urgentgōng功achievementjìn近nearlì利profit

Eager for quick success and instant benefits; shortsighted.

jī鸡chickenquǎn犬dogbù不notníng宁peace

Even chickens and dogs aren't at peace — total disturbance.

jí急anxiousyú于toqiú求seekchéng成success

Anxious for quick results; eager to achieve success immediately.

jiā家familyyù喻understandhù户householdxiǎo晓know

Widely known; known to every family and household.

jiàn见seeduō多muchshí识knowledgeguǎng广broad

Experienced and knowledgeable; well-informed.

jiàn见seeyì义righteousnessyǒng勇bravewéi为do

To act bravely for a just cause; to stand up for what is right.

jié竭exhaustjìn尽allquán全wholelì力strength

To spare no effort; to do one's utmost.

jīn津salivajīn津salivalè乐happydào道talk

To discuss something with great relish; to talk about something with gusto.

jīn津salivajīn津salivayǒu有havewèi味taste

With great interest; with keen pleasure; to do something with relish.

jǐn锦brocadeshàng上ontiān添addhuā花flowers

Adding flowers to brocade — making something already beautiful even better.

jīng精precisedǎ打calculatexì细carefulsuàn算calculate

To calculate minutely; to be careful in planning and budgeting.

jīng兢cautiousjīng兢cautiousyè业diligentyè业diligent

Cautious and conscientious; scrupulous.

jǐng井welljǐng井wellyǒu有havetiáo条order

In perfect order; neat and tidy; methodical.

jīng精refinedyì益moreqiú求seekjīng精refined

To strive for perfection; constantly improving.

jū居dwellān安peacesī思thinkwēi危danger

In peace, think of danger — stay alert even when things are going well.

jù聚gatherjīng精essencehuì会meetshén神spirit

To concentrate one's attention; to focus one's energies.

jǔ举wholeshì世worldzhǔ瞩focusmù目eyes

Attracting worldwide attention; world-renowned.

jǔ举liftzú足footqīng轻lightzhòng重heavy

To carry considerable weight; to play a critical role.

kāi开openmén门doorjiàn见seeshān山mountain

To come straight to the point; to be direct and straightforward.

kǎn侃uprightkǎn侃uprightér而andtán谈speak

To speak with composure and confidence; to speak frankly and fluently.

kè刻momentbù不notróng容allowhuǎn缓delay

Demands immediate action; admit of no delay; extremely urgent.

kè刻carvezhōu舟boatqiú求seekjiàn剑sword

Carving a mark on the boat to find a dropped sword — clinging to outdated methods after the situation has changed.

kōng空emptyqián前beforejué绝severhòu后after

Unprecedented and unrepeatable; the first and the last; unparalleled.

kōng空airzhōng中middlelóu楼storied buildinggé阁pavilion

Castle in the air; an impractical or unrealistic scheme.

kǒu口mouthshì是isxīn心heartfēi非not

Saying one thing but meaning another; duplicity.

kǔ苦bitterjìn尽endgān甘sweetlái来come

After suffering comes happiness; sweet comes after bitterness.

làn滥shoddyyú竽, a reed instrumentyuchōng充fillshù数number

To fill a position just to make up the numbers; to pass oneself off as competent when one is not.

láng狼wolftūn吞swallowhǔ虎tigeryàn咽gulp

To wolf down; to devour ravenously; to eat like a wolf.

lǎo老oldmǎ马horseshí识recognizetú途road

An old horse knows the way; experienced people know the ropes.

lǎo老oldshēng生scholarcháng常oftentán谈talk

A cliché; a commonplace remark; a truism.

lǐ礼courtesyshàng尚esteemwǎng往golái来come

Courtesy demands reciprocity; to return politeness for politeness.

lǐ理reasonsuǒ所bydāng当shouldrán然so

As a matter of course; inevitable and right; taken for granted.

lì力strengthsuǒ所bynéng能canjí及reach

Within one's power; as far as one's capabilities extend.

lǐ理reasonzhí直straightqì气spiritzhuàng壮strong

To be in the right and confident; to have justice on one's side.

liǎng两bothquán全completeqí其itsměi美beauty

To satisfy both sides; to the benefit of all parties.

luò络entwineyì绎continuousbù不notjué绝cut off

In an endless stream; continuously; an unceasing flow.

mǎ马horsedào到arrivechéng成successgōng功success

Instant success; to achieve immediate victory.

máo茅thatchsè塞blockagedùn顿suddenlykāi开open

To be suddenly enlightened; to have a sudden flash of understanding.

míng名namefù副accordqí其itsshí实reality

Worthy of the name; a true reflection of the name; the name matches the reality.

mò莫notmíng名nameqí其itsmiào妙subtle

Baffling; inexplicable; odd; without rhyme or reason.

nán难difficultnéng能cankě可worthyguì贵value

Rare and commendable; estimable; praiseworthy.

nán南southyuán辕carriage shaftběi北northzhé辙wheel track

To act in a way that defeats one's purpose; to go south by driving the chariot north; to run in the opposite direction.

pò迫urgentbù不notjí及reachdài待wait

too impatient to wait; itching to get on with it

pò迫presszài在atméi眉eyebrowjié睫eyelash

Imminent; impending; a matter of great urgency.

qì迄untiljīn今nowwéi为takezhǐ止stop

up until now; so far

qǐ杞Qirén人personyōu忧worrytiān天sky

To worry about unfounded or imaginary fears; to be overly concerned.

qí齐unitedxīn心heartxié协cooperatelì力strength

to work together with one heart; to be of one mind

qǐ岂howyǒu有havecǐ此thislǐ理reason

How can this be reasonable?; preposterous!

qià恰exactlydào到arrivehǎo好goodchù处place

just right; perfect

qiān千thousandfāng方methodbǎi百hundredjì计plan

by every possible means; by hook or by crook

qiān千thousandpiān篇chapteryī一onelǜ律law

Following the same pattern; stereotyped; cut from the same cloth.

qián潜hiddenyí移movemò默silenthuà化change

to influence secretly; to be gradually affected

qīng青greenméi梅plumzhú竹bamboomǎ马horse

Childhood sweethearts; a couple who grew up together.

qíng情feelingtóu投matchyì意intentionhé合agree

Feelings match, minds agree — a perfect rapport.

quán全wholeshén神spiritguàn贯penetratezhù注focus

To concentrate one's attention; to be absorbed in.

rè热hotlèi泪tearsyíng盈fillkuàng眶eye socket

eyes brimming with tears; moved to tears

rén人personjìn尽exhaustqí其theircái才talent

To make the best use of people's talents; everyone gives full play to their abilities.

rèn任responsibilityzhòng重heavydào道roadyuǎn远far

Heavy responsibility, long road — a big task with no quick finish.

rì日dayxīn新newyuè月monthyì异different

changing with each passing day; rapid progress

róng融melthuì会meetguàn贯piercetōng通through

Master a subject thoroughly — the parts melt into a connected whole.

rú如likeyú鱼fishdé得obtainshuǐ水water

Like a fish in water; in one's element; feeling perfectly at home.

ruò若as ifwú无not haveqí其thatshì事matter

As if nothing had happened; to act unconcerned.

sài塞frontierwēng翁old manshī失losemǎ马horse

The old man of the frontier loses his horse — bad luck may be good in disguise, and vice versa.

sān三threegù顾visitmáo茅thatchedlú庐hut

Three visits to the thatched hut — going to great lengths to recruit talent.

sān三threesī思thinkér而andxíng行act

Think three times before acting.

shā杀killjī鸡chickenjǐng儆warnhóu猴monkey

Kill the chicken to scare the monkeys — make a public example to deter others.

shēn深deepqíng情feelinghòu厚thickyì谊friendship

deep affection and profound friendship

shēng声sounddōng东eastjī击strikexī西west

Make noise east, strike west — feint to distract, attack elsewhere.

shì事effortbàn半halfgōng功resultbèi倍double

To achieve twice the result with half the effort; to get great results with little effort.

shì事effortbèi倍doublegōng功resultbàn半half

Twice the effort, half the result; inefficient.

shí时timeguò过passjìng境circumstanceqiān迁change

Time passes, circumstances shift — what was true once may not be now.

shí实realshì事thingsqiú求seekshì是truth

to seek truth from facts; be practical and realistic

shuǐ水waterdào到arriveqú渠channelchéng成form

When the water flows, the channel forms — things work out when conditions are right.

sì肆unrestrainedwú无withoutjì忌feardàn惮scruples

unscrupulous and unrestrained; to act with absolutely no constraint

suí随followbō波waveszhú逐chaseliú流flow

To drift with the tide; to go with the flow; to follow the crowd without one's own opinion.

tāo滔surgingtāo滔surgingbù不notjué绝cease

to pour out words in a flood; talking non-stop

tiān天heavenlylún伦bondszhī之oflè乐joy

The joy of family bonds.

tǒng统overallchóu筹planjiān兼concurrentlygù顾consider

to plan as a whole and take all factors into consideration

tuī推pushxīn心heartzhì置placefù腹belly

Push your heart into another's belly — speak with complete openness, trust held back nothing.

tūn吞swallowtūn吞swallowtǔ吐spittǔ吐spit

to hem and haw; to speak haltingly

wán完intactbì璧jadeguī归returnZhào赵Zhao

Return the jade intact to Zhao — return something safely and in full.

wàn万ten thousandshì事thingsjù俱allbèi备ready

Everything is ready; all is in order.

wàng望hopezǐ子sonchéng成becomelóng龙dragon

Hoping one's son becomes a dragon — parents' high hopes for their child.

wēi微smallbù不notzú足enoughdào道mention

negligible; insignificant; not worth mentioning

wèi未not yetyǔ雨rainchóu绸bindmóu缪tie

Bind and tie before it rains — prepare ahead of time.

wén闻hearjī鸡roosterqǐ起risewǔ舞dance

Rising to practise sword at the cock's crow — relentless self-discipline.

wén闻hearyī一onezhī知knowshí十ten

To grasp ten things from being told one — quick on the uptake.

wò卧liexīn薪firewoodcháng尝tastedǎn胆gall

Sleep on firewood, taste gall — endure self-imposed hardship to remember and avenge a defeat.

wú无withoutdòng动moveyú于atzhōng衷heart

unmoved; indifferent; untouched

wú无withoutjīng精spiritdǎ打strikecǎi采color

listless; in low spirits; crestfallen

wú无withoutlǐ理reasonqǔ取makenào闹disturbance

to make trouble without reason; to be deliberately provocative

wù物thingměi美beautifuljià价pricelián廉cheap

high quality and low price; a bargain

wú无withoutnéng能abilitywéi为makelì力strength

powerless; helpless; unable to do anything about it

wú无withoutqióng穷endwú无withoutjìn尽end

endless; inexhaustible

wú无withoutwēi微smallbù不notzhì至reach

in every possible way; meticulous

wú无withoutyōu忧worrywú无withoutlǜ虑anxiety

carefree; without worries

xǐ喜happywén闻hearlè乐happyjiàn见see

a delight to see (and hear); warmly welcomed

xiǎng想thinkfāng方wayshè设establishfǎ法method

To try every possible way; to do everything possible.

xiāng相mutuallyfǔ辅assistxiāng相mutuallychéng成complete

To complement each other; to supplement and complement.

xiāng相mutuallyjìng敬respectrú如likebīn宾guest

Treat each other like honoured guests — mutual respect in marriage.

xiǎo小smallxīn心heartyì翼wingyì翼wing

Careful and cautious; with great care.

xīn新newchén陈olddài代replacexiè谢supersede

Metabolism; the new replaces the old.

xīn心heartgān甘sweetqíng情feelingyuàn愿willing

Be perfectly happy to; be completely willing.

xīn欣flourishingxīn欣flourishingxiàng向towardsróng荣thriving

Flourishing and prosperous; thriving.

xīn心heartxīn心heartxiāng相mutuallyyìn印imprint

Hearts imprinted on each other — in perfect mutual understanding.

xìng兴spiritgāo高highcǎi采spiritliè烈intense

In high spirits; elated.

xìng兴interestzhì致inclinationbó勃vigorousbó勃vigorous

Full of zest; in high spirits; bubbling with enthusiasm.

xué学studyér而andbù不notsī思thinkzé则thenwǎng罔bewildered

Studying without reflecting on what you study leaves you confused.

xuě雪snowshàng上onjiā加addshuāng霜frost

To add frost to snow; one disaster after another; to make things worse in a bad situation.

xuě雪snowzhōng中middlesòng送sendtàn炭charcoal

Sending charcoal in the snow — help that arrives exactly when needed.

xún循followxù序orderjiàn渐graduallyjìn进advance

To proceed step by step; to advance gradually in due order.

yā鸦crowquè雀sparrowwú无noshēng声sound

As quiet as crows and sparrows; absolute silence; complete stillness.

yǎn掩coverěr耳eardào盗steallíng铃bell

Covering your own ears while stealing a bell — pretending an obvious truth doesn't exist.

yán言wordsjiǎn简briefyì意meaninggāi赅complete

Brief in words, complete in meaning — concise.

yè叶Lordgōng公Shehào好Loveslóng龙Dragon

To profess love for something one actually fears or dislikes; to be a fair-weather fan.

yí一onejiàn见seerú如likegù故old

Feel like old friends at first meeting — instant rapport.

yí一onejiàn见seezhōng钟strikeqíng情feeling

Love at first sight.

yì一onejǔ举actchéng成becomemíng名name

One act and you're famous — overnight success.

yì一onejǔ举actionliǎng两twodé得gains

Kill two birds with one stone; achieve two things at once.

yī一onemíng鸣cryjīng惊astonishrén人people

A single cry that astonishes everyone — unexpected breakthrough after a quiet period.

yí一onemù目glanceliǎo了understandrán然clearly

Clear at a glance; obvious.

yí一onenuò诺promiseqiān千thousandjīn金gold

A single promise is worth a thousand pieces of gold — a word given is a word kept.

yī一onerú如asjì既alreadywǎng往past

As before; just as in the past.

yī一onesī丝threadbù不notgǒu苟careless

Meticulous; scrupulous; not the least bit negligent.

yōu优superiorshèng胜winliè劣inferiortài汰eliminate

Survival of the fittest; the superior wins and the inferior is eliminated.

yǒu有havetiáo条orderbù不notwěn紊disorder

Methodical; in an orderly way; neat and tidy.

yǔ与withrì日dayjù俱togetherzēng增increase

To increase steadily; to grow with each passing day.

zài再againjiē接connectzài再againlì厉sharpen

To continue to put in more effort; to keep up the good work; to go on to greater heights.

záo凿borebì壁walltōu偷stealguāng光light

Boring a hole in the wall to steal lamplight — studying despite poverty.

zhǎn斩chopdīng钉nailjié截cuttiě铁iron

Resolute and decisive; to chop nails and slice iron (with ease).

zhāo朝morningqì气spiritpéng蓬flourishingbó勃vigorous

Full of youthful spirit; vigorous and thriving.

zhāo朝morningsān三threemù暮eveningsì四four

Three in the morning, four in the evening — capricious, fickle, changing one's mind.

zhēng争competexiān先firstkǒng恐fearhòu后behind

Striving to be first and fearing to be last; rushing headlong.

zhī知knowjǐ己selfzhī知knowbǐ彼other

Know yourself and your opponent.

zhì志ambitiontóng同samedào道pathhé合match

Same ambitions, same path — like-minded companions.

zhī知knowyīn音soundnán难hardmì觅find

A true kindred spirit is hard to find.

zhī知knowzú足enoughcháng常alwayslè乐happy

Contentment brings happiness; happy is he who is content.

zhòng众everyonesuǒ所byzhōu周knowzhī知know

As everyone knows; it is common knowledge.

zì自selflì力strengthgēng更renewshēng生life

Regenerate through one's own effort; self-reliance.

zì自selfqiáng强strengthenbù不notxī息rest

Strive ceaselessly to better oneself.

zǒng总sumér而andyán言speakzhī之it

In short; in a word; in conclusion.

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